It is still
not 100 percent certain, but scientists believe that lions have manes because
they are the only social big cats and live in groups (prides). Therefore, males
evolved to have manes to protect them from potential attacks among each other.
However, the colour and thickness of the mane also have a purpose—they are a
symbol of status and strength for the females. However, is it always like
that, and why do only males have them?
Status
The manes
serve as a symbol of status between lions, but that is not always the case. In
areas where lions typically must have manes, an underdeveloped mane is a signal
of weakness, and males with smaller ones are expected to not be picked by the
females. But, despite the benefits that come from impressing other lions, this
is not always the case; in very hot regions, the mane is just an obstacle and
makes the lion's body heat much faster than it usually should. That results in
a higher temperature and worsens the sperm, making females choose those without
a mane.
Female manes
Manes in
female lions are very rare and unique, but the phenomenon has been seen both in
the wild and in captivity. Scientists believe that its occurrence is a
"random event" and that it is not connected to evolution or
competition. It is most often seen in zoos, where all the males die and a
certain female has to take on their role. Another example of a mane in
captivity is when a female lion had a tumor that resulted in her having
elevated hormone levels that led to more masculine traits. While the phenomenon
is also seen in the wild, it is far rarer, and the reasons are the same: the lionesses
develop attributes that are more masculine.
Female lion with mane (National geographic)
So that was it! – Now you know why lions have manes. I hope you learned a lot regarding the spectacular wildlife on our planet with The Wildlife Echo!
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